Overview

The year 1620 was a significant period in the 30 Years War, a conflict that had a profound impact on Europe. In this year, pivotal events unfolded, reshaping the balance of power and deepening the religious and political divisions within the Holy Roman Empire.

Events of 1620

The year 1620 witnessed key events that played a crucial role in shaping the course of the 30 Years War. Two notable events are highlighted below.

Battle of White Mountain

The Battle of White Mountain, fought on November 8, 1620, near Prague, marked a significant turning point in the war. The Catholic forces of the Holy Roman Empire, led by General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, achieved a decisive victory over the Protestant armies of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. This defeat of the Protestant forces at the hands of the Catholics dealt a severe blow to the Protestant cause and solidified the Catholic Habsburgs' hold over the region.

Edict of Restitution

In March 1620, Emperor Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution, which aimed to restore the Catholic Church's properties and rights that had been lost to Protestantism since the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. This edict greatly alarmed the Protestant princes and further heightened tensions within the empire. The Edict of Restitution was seen as a direct challenge to the Protestant territories, contributing to the escalating conflict and deepening the religious divide.