Overview

The year 1638 marked significant events and continued hostilities in the 30 Years War, a prolonged conflict that engulfed Europe. In this year, key developments unfolded, shaping the religious and political landscape and influencing the course of the war.

Events of 1638

The year 1638 witnessed important events that had a profound impact on the progression of the 30 Years War. Two noteworthy events are highlighted below.

Battle of Rheinfelden (Second Battle)

In March 1638, a second Battle of Rheinfelden occurred, this time between the Holy Roman Empire's forces, led by Johann von Werth, and the Swedish forces under the command of Field Marshal Johan Banér. The battle, fought near Rheinfelden, resulted in another victory for the Swedish side. This decisive Swedish win further consolidated their control in the region and dealt a blow to the Imperial forces, further shifting the balance of power in favor of the Protestant side in the ongoing conflict.

French Siege of Breisach

In December 1638, French forces, commanded by Marshal Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, initiated a siege on the strategically important fortress city of Breisach. The city, held by Imperial forces, was a key stronghold located in the Upper Rhine region. The French siege of Breisach resulted in a prolonged conflict, lasting for several months. The eventual capture of Breisach by the French in 1638 was a significant victory, further expanding French influence and control in the war.